Fertility Tests Explained: AMH, Hormones, Ultrasound and Semen Analysis
Understanding the four foundational tests in reproductive medicine and what each result truly indicates.
Reviewed by Dr. Dileep Kumar H R, MBBS, DGO, DRM
October 2026 · Evidence-Based Healthcare
When beginning fertility investigations, couples are often presented with a list of medical tests. Understanding what each test evaluates provides peace of mind and informed confidence.
1. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): A simple blood test that reflects the size of the remaining primordial follicle pool in the ovaries. Unlike other hormones, AMH can be tested on any day of the menstrual cycle.
2. Pelvic Ultrasound & Antral Follicle Count (AFC): High-resolution ultrasound allows the specialist to visualize the uterus, check for fibroids or adenomyosis, assess endometrial thickness, and count the active follicles in both ovaries.
3. Semen Analysis: Evaluates the total sperm count, concentration per millilitre, percentage of motile sperm, and percentage of sperm with normal morphology according to WHO laboratory criteria.
4. Tubal Patency Tests (HSG or HyCoSy): An imaging procedure to confirm that the fallopian tubes are open and free of blockages, allowing natural fertilization to take place.
Together, these four evaluations form the diagnostic cornerstone that allows Dr. Dileep Kumar H R and our clinical team to personalize your care protocol.
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Frequently Asked Questions
No. AMH indicates quantity of eggs, not quality. Many women with low AMH conceive naturally or with tailored minimal-stimulation IVF protocols.